{"id":1256,"date":"2014-05-16T17:12:22","date_gmt":"2014-05-16T14:12:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.psycovery.ro\/?page_id=1256"},"modified":"2015-07-16T12:43:44","modified_gmt":"2015-07-16T09:43:44","slug":"cum-sa-depistezi-minciuni","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.psycovery.ro\/?page_id=1256","title":{"rendered":"Cum s\u0103 depistezi minciuni"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"pinokio_thumbnail\"<\/a>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 abilit\u0103\u0163ile \u00eenn\u0103scute de depistare a unui act de disimulare \u2013 perpetuate \u015fi \u015flefuite filogenetic, de-a lungul miilor de ani (\u00eens\u0103 departe de a fi precise), ca de exemplu, capacitatea de a discrimina intre un r\u00e2s pref\u0103cut \u015fi unul autentic, de a surprinde incongruen\u0163e subtile \u00a0\u00eentre mesajul verbal \u015fi microexpresii faciale, de a infera de la nivelul posteurii \u015fi gesticula\u0163iei la nivel de status afectiv \u015fi inten\u0163ie \u2013 noi cercet\u0103ri \u00een domeniu arunc\u0103 o lumin\u0103 \u015fi asupra unor modalit\u0103\u0163i cognitive de a demasca o minciun\u0103.<\/p>\n

A min\u0163i presupune un efort cognitiv semnificativ mai mare dec\u00e2t a spune adev\u0103rul. <\/b><\/p>\n

Imagineaz\u0103-\u0163i c\u0103 e\u015fti acuzat de furt \u015fi acum te afli \u00een situa\u0163ia de a fi interogat. Pentru \u00eenceput, ai nevoie de o poveste. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce narezi, e\u015fti nevoit s-o evaluezi \u00een mod constant astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 nu devin\u0103 implauzibil\u0103 \u015fi incongruent\u0103 cu realitatea. Trebuie, de asemenea, s\u0103 memorezi \u015fi s\u0103-\u0163i reactualizezi clip\u0103 de clip\u0103 detaliile pove\u015ftii, pentru a nu te contrazice iar reactualizarea unei \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103ri fictive este \u00eentotdeauna mai dificil\u0103 dec\u00e2t amintirea unui fapt real.<\/p>\n

\u00cen plus, deoarece e\u015fti preocupat de credibilitate, te vei str\u0103dui s\u0103-\u0163i \u0163ii sub control mimica \u015fi gestica astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 p\u0103strezi aparen\u0163ele unui om care spune adev\u0103rul.<\/p>\n

O parte din aten\u0163ia ta va fi \u00een mod necesar focalizat\u0103 pe mimica \u015fi gestica celui care te interogheaz\u0103, pentru a observa semnale de ne\u00eencredere, dac\u0103 ai fost sau nu descoperit, pentru a-\u0163i adapta din mers \u00eentreaga poveste, posteur\u0103, mimic\u0103, gesticula\u0163ii, inflexiuni, etc. Peste acestea se adauga imperiozitatea categoric\u0103 de a r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een rol p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u015fit, indiferent de nivelul stresului. Altfel…<\/p>\n

\u00cen ultimul r\u00e2nd, ai de-a face cu adevarul pe care trebuie s\u0103-l cenzurezi astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 nu r\u0103zbat\u0103 vreun detaliu compromi\u0163\u0103tor<\/p>\n

Atunci c\u00e2nd disimulezi, creierul va \u00eencerca s\u0103 sus\u0163in\u0103 simultan toate aceste procese, consumul energetic fiind enorm prin compara\u0163ie cu nararea adev\u0103rului.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Cum po\u0163i verifica un scenariu<\/b><\/p>\n

Aldert Vrij, cercet\u0103tor \u00een domeniul psihologiei sociale, de la Universitatea din Portsmouth, UK, a identificat c\u00e2teva metode prin care poate fi verificat\u0103 valoarea de adev\u0103r a unei declara\u0163ii.<\/p>\n

1. Solicitarea persoanei interogate de a povesti faptele \u00een ordine invers\u0103.<\/p>\n

Deoarece cei care disimuleaz\u0103 se confrunt\u0103 deja cu un nivel ridicat de \u00eenc\u0103rcare cognitiv\u0103, aceast\u0103 sarcin\u0103 presupune un efort mental suplimentar ce dep\u0103\u015fe\u015fte \u00een general resursele acestora, suspec\u0163ii mincino\u015fi e\u015fu\u00e2nd mult mai frecvent fa\u0163\u0103 de cei sinceri.<\/p>\n

2. Men\u0163inerea contactului vizual<\/p>\n

Metoda are la baz\u0103 acela\u015fi mecanism al \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii cognitive. Cu c\u00e2t povara mental\u0103 este mai mare, cu at\u00e2t oamenii sunt mai predispu\u015fi s\u0103 evite contactul vizual. Solicitarea de a-l men\u0163ine spore\u015fte nivelul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare prin deturnarea aten\u0163iei de la procesele implicate \u00een disimulare, \u00eengreun\u00e2nd nara\u0163ia.<\/p>\n

3. Solicitarea de a desena<\/p>\n

A reprezenta grafic detaliile unui scenariu presupune furnizarea de informa\u0163ii spa\u0163iale \u2013 lucru pentru care majoritatea celor care disimuleaz\u0103 nu se preg\u0103tesc anterior, produc\u00e2ndu-se astfel, ca \u015f\u00ee \u00een casul celorlalte metode, o supra\u00eenc\u0103rcare cognitiv\u0103. \u00cen consecin\u0163\u0103, desenele mincino\u015filor sunt semnificativ mai s\u0103race \u00een detalii, fa\u0163\u0103 de cele ale oamenilor sinceri iar gradul de consisten\u0163\u0103 dintre versiunea grafic\u0103 \u015fi cea verbal\u0103 a scenariului este net inferior.<\/p>\n

Sursa:<\/em><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/the-burden-of-lying\/?page=2<\/em><\/p>\n

Original:\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Outsmarting the Liars: Toward a Cognitive Lie Detection Approach.<\/em>
\nAldert Vrij, P\u00e4r Anders Granhag, Samantha Mann and Sharon Leal in\u00a0<\/em>
\nCurrent Directions in Psychological Science, Vol. 20, No. 1, pages 28\u201332; February 2011.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 abilit\u0103\u0163ile \u00eenn\u0103scute de depistare a unui act de disimulare \u2013 perpetuate \u015fi \u015flefuite filogenetic, de-a lungul miilor de ani (\u00eens\u0103 departe de a fi precise), ca de exemplu, capacitatea de a discrimina intre un r\u00e2s pref\u0103cut \u015fi unul autentic, de a surprinde incongruen\u0163e subtile \u00a0\u00eentre mesajul verbal \u015fi microexpresii faciale, de a infera […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1256","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psycovery.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1256","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psycovery.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psycovery.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.psycovery.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.psycovery.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1256"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.psycovery.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1256\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1423,"href":"https:\/\/www.psycovery.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1256\/revisions\/1423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psycovery.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}